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Basic Statistical Symbols
and their Meanings
Statistical symbols look Greek to most of us, and many really are Greek. If they seem confusing, remember that each symbol simply represents a particular tool or process. This page contains some basic symbols in statistics and what they mean.


Symbols that involve processes make sense if you look at them closely. When there are parentheses, do what is inside first. For example, add up all the Xs and then square the total. If there are no parentheses and the square is right after the X, square each score first, then add them up.
Related pages:
Levels of Measurement
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Top of Statistical Symbols
Back To Statistical Analysis
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Recommended Resources
Highly recommended for understanding basic research concepts. Outstanding, straightforward introduction to research in the social sciences.
My top recommendation for understanding and applying research and statistics at the graduate level. Excellent author and instructor.
Very well-developed text. Great sections on developing survey questions, scales, and questionnaires.
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